General Control Loop block diagram:
Given schematic below, how to know which is which? Knowing which
is which is critical, as it allows the use of theory to achieve the best
result.
Equations that allowed us to identify corresponding blocks:
voltage at inverting pin of amp is just vin summed up with
voltage drop across Ri
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vn = vin + Ri * i
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eq 1
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since amp input is of high input impedance, current through Ri,
Rf is just
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i = (vout - vin) / (Ri + Rf)
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eq 2
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we see that vout is just opamp gain (Aamp) multiply by its input
voltage
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vout = (0 - vn) * Aamp
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vout = - vn* Aamp
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eq 3
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eq 2 -> eq 1
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vn = vin + Ri * (vout - vin) / (Ri + Rf)
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let α = Ri/(Ri + Rf)
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vn = vin + α * (vout - vin)
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vn = (1-α)*vin + α * vout
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eq 4
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eq 4 -> eq 3
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vout = - {(1-α)*vin + α * vout} * Aamp
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vout = - {(1-α)*vin* Aamp + α * vout* Aamp}
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vout * (1 + α*Aamp)
= - {(1-α)*vin* Aamp}
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vout/vin = - {(1-α)* Aamp} /(1 + α*Aamp)
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eq 5
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from close loop equation of control theory:
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Vout/Vin = TF = Aforward/(1 + Aforward*β)
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eq 6
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comparing eq 6 with eq 5 , we see that
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Aforward = - {Rf/(Ri+Rf)} *Aamp
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eq 7
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Aforward*β = α*Aamp
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eq 8
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and
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β = α * Aamp/Aforward
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re-arrange eq 8
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β = { Ri/(Ri+Rf) } {- (Ri+Rf)/Rf }
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substitue Aforward from eq 8
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β = - Ri/Rf
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when loop gain (Aforward*β) is large enough, we see that
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1 + Aforward*β ~= Aforward*β
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TF = Aforward/ Aforward*β
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TF = 1/β = -Rf/Ri
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